Size in Square Kilometres
155054
Qualifying Species and Criteria
Sperm whale – Physeter macrocephalus
Criterion A
Humpback Whale – Megaptera novaeangliae
Criterion A
Criterion D (2) – Marine Mammal Diversity
Balaenoptera bonaerensis, Balaenoptera borealis, Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda, Balaenoptera omurai, Feresa attenuata, Globicephala macrorhynchus, Grampus griseus, Indopacetus pacificus, Kogia breviceps, Kogia sima. Megaptera novaeangliae, Mesoplodon densirostris, Orcinus orca, Peponocephala electra, Physeter macrocephalus, Pseudorca crassidens, Stenella attenuata, Stenella longirostris, Tursiops truncatus, Ziphius cavirostris
Other Marine Mammal Species Documented
Summary
The IMMA is located in the Natural Park of the Coral Sea which covers most of the Exclusive Economic Zone of New Caledonia. It encompasses oceanic waters, East and South of the main island up to the Loyalty Islands. This IMMA includes several habitats, including shallow banks, slope, seamounts and abyssal plain habitats. A very high diversity of marine mammals, 29 species, is known from the waters of New Caledonia, and more than 20 species including the recently described Omura’s whale, occur within the IMMA. Results of a large aerial survey confirmed the high diversity of the New Caledonian pelagic waters.
Description of Qualifying Criteria
Criterion A – Species or Population Vulnerability
Historical and opportunistic data on sperm whales show that they are present year-round in the area with no evidence of seasonal variation in their habitat located in the oceanic waters close to the barrier reef (Poupon & Garrigue, 2011). Sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) are classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN red list. The group of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) migrating to New Caledonia belong to the subpopulation of Oceania which is classified as Endangered by IUCN (Childerhouse et al. 2009).
Criterion B – Distribution and Abundance
Sub-criterion B1 – Small and Resident Populations
Sub-criterion B2 – Aggregations
Criterion C: Key Life Cycle Activities
Sub-criterion C1 – Reproductive Areas
Sub-criterion C2: Feeding Areas
Sub-criterion C3: Migration Routes
C3a – Whale Seasonal Migratory Route
C3b – Migration / Movement Area
Criterion D – Special Attributes
Sub-criterion D1 – Distinctiveness
Sub-criterion D2 – Diversity
The Remmoa large aerial survey covered 40,500 km of transects over 544,000km² (40% of the EEZ) of oceanic waters surrounding the main Island and Loyalty Islands between October to December 2014 (Laran et al., 2016). The diversity in number of species or taxa observed during this survey was high with 19 different species recorded (Laran et al. 2016). Abundances estimated (uncorrected for bias) during the survey for the entire area were: 9,800 individuals (CI 95% 2,000 – 49,000) for pantropical spotted and spinner dolphins; 9,000 individuals (CI 95% 3,300 – 24,600) for common bottlenose dolphins (and possible unidentified rough-toothed or Fraser’s dolphins), 7 500 individuals (CI 95% 1,300 – 44,200) for melon-headed whales and possible pygmy killer whales; 2,000 Risso’s dolphins (CI 95% 300 – 4,400); 8,200 individuals (CI 95% 3,700 – 18,400) for short-finned pilot whales (a possible false killer whales); 3,000 beaked whales (CI 95% 1,300 – 7,800) and about 800 individuals (CI 95% 200- 3,000) respectively for kogiidae and for sperm whale.
Supporting Information
Borsa, P., Hoarau, G. 2004. A pygmy blue whale (Cetacea: Balaenopteridae) in the inshore waters of New Caledonia. Pacific Science 58:579-584
Childerhouse, S., Jackson, J., Baker, C.S., Gales, N., Clapham, P.J., Brownell Jr, R.L. 2009. Megaptera novaeangliae (Oceania subpopulation). In: IUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. www.iucnredlist.org.
Clua, E., Manire, C.A., Garrigue, C. 2014. Biological Data of Pygmy Killer Whale (Feresa attenuata) from a Mass Stranding in New Caledonia (South Pacific) Associated with Hurricane Jim in 2006. Aquatic Mammals 40 (2), 162-172.
Garrigue, C., Boillon, D., Dodemont, R., Pérard, V., Poupon, M., Schaffar, A. 2012. Rapport de la mission d’étude des baleines à bosse effectuée à Lifou en 2012.
Garrigue, C., Oremus, M., Dodémont, R., Bustamante, P., Kwiatek, O., Libeau, G., Lockyer, C., Vivier, J.C., Dalebout, M.L. 2016. A mass stranding of seven Longman’s beaked whales (Indopacetus pacificus) in New Caledonia, South Pacific. Marine Mammal Science 32:884-910
Garrigue, C., Poupon, M. 2013. Guide des mammifères marins de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Editon Opération Cétacés, Nouvelle-Calédonie, 128p.
Garrigue, C., Poupon, M., Boillon, D., Dodemont, R., Pérard, V., Freyer, J. 2013. Rapport de la mission d’étude des baleines à bosse effectuée à Ouvéa en 2013. Opération Cétacés. 49 p.
Garrigue, C., Clapham, P.J., Geyer, Y., Kennedy, A.S., Zerbini, A.N. 2015. Satellite tracking reveals novel migratory patterns and the importance of seamounts for endangered South Pacific humpback whales. Royal Society open Science, 2 150489; DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150489. Published 25 November 2015
Laran, S., Hamani, V., Authier, M., Dorémus, G., Van Canneyt, O., Ridoux, V., Watremez, P. 2016. Distribution et abondance de la mégafaune marine dans le sud-ouest du Pacifique. Campagne REMMOA – Nouvelle-Calédonie et Wallis et Futuna
Olavarría, C., Baker, C.S., Garrigue, C., Poole, M., Hauser, N., Caballero, S., Flórez-González, L., Brasseur, M., Bannister, J., Capella, J., Clapham, P., Dodemont, R., Donoghue, M., Jenner, J., Jenner, M.N., Moro, D., Oremus, M., Paton, D., Rosenbaum, H., Russell, K. 2007. Population structure of humpback whales throughout the South Pacific and the origin of the eastern Polynesian breeding grounds. Marine Ecology Progress Series 330:257-268
Poupon, M., Garrigue, C. 2011. First assessment of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in the EEZ waters of New Caledonia (South Pacific). European Cetacean Society, Barcelona, Spain
Van Canneyt, O., Dorémus, G., Garrigue, C., Hébert, O., Laran, S., Watremez, P., Ridoux, V. 2016. New insight on Marine Mammals of the Southwest Pacific Ocean: Part I – Large aerial survey (REMMOA) in the New Caledonia 30th Annual Conference of the European Cetacean Society, Funchal, Portugal.
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